Product Life Cycle of Fads Trends free essay sample

Items with short PLCs The items that follow a short PLC are called â€Å"Fads†. Crazes are styles that come rapidly into general visibility, are received with incredible enthusiasm, top early decrease quick. Crazes don't endure in light of the fact that they don't typically fulfill a solid need. The promoting champs are the individuals who perceive prevailing fashions early and influence them into items with fortitude. In this paper, a brief portrayal of short life cycle items is given. The ventures examined extend from amusement to wellbeing nourishments. The difficulties looked by advertisers in every industry to assemble brand value are examined top to bottom. An investigation of normal difficulties across classes gives a conventional thought of the difficulties looked by items with short PLC. The answers for these difficulties are proposed. Design the as of now acknowledged or mainstream style-by and large what most of individuals follow in apparel, inexpensive food, and so on. Style cycles may keep going for quite a while as they spread past the trend-setters. We will compose a custom paper test on Item Life Cycle of Fads Trends or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Craze cycles are short and don't re-happen elegant just to specific gatherings Styles are Fashions/Fads that return after some time and can last a short barely any months, or two or three years exceptionally regular in the apparel business and house stylistic theme. The World of advancements has seen numerous Fads. A concise jump into time mirrors the patterns of Fads: 1960’s Bellbottoms, Platform Shoes 1970’s Disco Music 1980’s Friendship Bracelets, Break Dancing 1990’s Napster, Flared Jeans 2000’s †Health Energy Drinks, American/Indian Idol Business Sector-wise Distribution of Products with Short PLC Wellbeing Foods Diet nourishments have a short PLC in light of the fact that they by and large appear due to the fame of a person who engenders wellbeing/diet food sources. Difficulties to Marketers: †¢ Diet nourishments may not engage the feeling of taste of each every person. †¢ Lack of prompt outcomes prompts misfortune in trust in the item. Occasions Gala occasions topic parties facilitated by big names, and media shows are items with short PLC from the point of view of the occasion coordinators. Difficulties to Marketers: †¢ Events are costly, so they need consistency. Occasions are now and again only a result of highbrow snot factor. Remix Albums by DJs and remixes of old melodies are not instances of incredible music or verses. They simply follow the current pattern that is famous among the young who want assortment and change. Difficulties to Marketers

Ethos, Pathos, and Logos, as suggested by Aritotle

The author with whom I felt affinity was introducing his contention in a reasonable and reliable manner, backing each point with applicable and adequate proof. The essayist didn't endeavor to control the peruser, and the content contained no evident inclination. In actuality, an essayist who utilizes each stunt to convince the peruser appears to be far less valid. Writer’s validity ca be broke down through the crystal of three traditional methods of influence †Ethos (claim to power), Pathos (advance to feeling), and Logos (offer to rationale), as recommended by Aritotle (1989).As concerns Ethos, crowd will in general accept speakers that evoke regard and exhibit their believability. Individual characteristics that render speakers such believability include a feeling of astuteness (phronesis), altruism (eunoia), and solid good character (arete). Sentiment, as far as it matters for its, suggests that a speaker has the capacity to stimulate solid inclination and enthusiastic responses in their audience members. While Aristotle recognizes the significance of the previously mentioned methods of influence, he unequivocally regards that Logos is the most significant and effective.Logical end products and confirmations introduced in a reasonable and predictable way ought to convince the peruser of the adequacy of the speaker’s theory rater than author’s noteworthy qualifications or enthusiastic intrigue. Most likely, writer’s capability and skill assume a job, yet all around organized contention is of more noteworthy significance to me. I would prefer to accept a gifted college understudy offering a fascinating and all around inquired about postulation than a world celebrated educator contending that an Earth-wide temperature boost is a legend. In this way, the most significant parts of convincing composing are rationale, proof, and structure.

New Features Of The Latest Windows Live Messenger

New Features Of The Latest Windows Live Messenger Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!New Features Of The Latest Windows Live MessengerUpdated On 16/04/2011Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : Microsoft WindowsShort URL : http://hbb.me/12LmaJ7 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogRecently Steve Ballmer shared a preview of the new Windows Live Messenger. I want to share good news for Facebook users that Microsoft had made deeper integration with Facebook, you can expect Facebook Chat in Windows Live Messenger. You can able to IM all your Facebook friends from within the Messenger.Below I mentioned some of the new features of this Windows Live Messenger :1. More Games : This new Messenger has lot more games. Let you play with your friends. You can also earn points and achievements.2. Video Messages : You can leave offline messages in the form of video messages. It is similar to a voicemail.3. HD Video Chat : It provides high-definition video chat. You can see your friends and close ones reactions in real time and that too in full screen.4. Tabbed conversations : You can manage all your chats in one location so that you can easily juggle multiple conversations in one place.5. Integrated Hotmail : You can now see who is online and you can easily chat with them right from your inbox through integrated Hotmail.6. Short Message Service : You can connect your mobile phone number to the Messenger and get your friends’ instant messages easily.More Screenshots New Windows Live Messenger : READLeaked Features and Docs of Windows 8Post Images Credits : Microsoft Corporation

Life Coaching Essay - 1292 Words

Course Syllabus ------------------------------------------------- LIFC 302 Marriage Coaching Course Description An examination and analysis of professional coaching applications that serve marital relationship concerns. The course covers marital issues from a Christian worldview with special attention given to a biblical foundation of marriage coaching and differences between coaching and counseling models. Rationale As a basis for their work, marriage coaches should have a thorough understanding of coaching models, theory, and application. This understanding serves to heighten the coaches’ effectiveness in formulating effective coaching strategies and in aiding in the delivery of advice in an efficient and timely†¦show more content†¦C. Appraise marriage coaching and its applicability in the context of couple’s lives. D. Compare and contrast marriage coaching with counseling and social work. E. Construct a framework from which marriage coaching services can be delivered. F. Analyze the difference between secular and Christian models of marriage coaching. These course objectives are designed to fulfill the following Psychology Department Learning Outcomes: A. Synthesize and apply an array of life coaching theories from within an integrated Christian Worldview. B. Compare and critique the various ethical and legal standards in the life coaching discipline. C. Analyze the delivery of life coaching services in order to develop a coaching strategy in accordance with a distinctly biblical worldview and established best practices. D. Compare and contrast diverse individuals within a developmental systems context in order to effectively determine appropriate coaching strategies. V. Course Requirements and Assignments A. Textbook readings and lecture presentations/notes Regular readings will be assigned to allow students to complete the reading of the required texts within the eight weeks allotted for the course. This assignment meets learning outcomes A, B, C, and D. B. Course Requirements Checklist After reading the Syllabus and Student Expectations, the student will complete the related checklist found in Module/Week 1. C.Show MoreRelatedWhat Makes Life Coaching?1560 Words   |  7 PagesDesires can become your destiny. To make any changes in your life you must first acknowledge that something needs to change. This realisation might come about after experiencing difficulties in one, or commonly, more areas of your life. These might include:- Self esteem and confidence Relationships Career Work/life balance Health Parenting Stress Bad habits (smoking, excessive drinking) Exercise and nutrition Debt and finances Weight loss Anxiety, depression and panic attacks It is however importantRead MoreLife Coaching And What It Can Do Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesI just wanted to spread the word about Life Coaching and what it can do to help just about anyone. No, not every coach is suited for every client but the right coach/client combination is such powerful tool. I hear different variations of the following questions and statements a lot: What can a coach do for me?, I can t afford to pay a coach!, What does SHE know that I don t know?, I don t need a stinking Coach! OK, well I tossed the word stinking in there (smile) but I do knowRead MoreLife Coaching : A Cognitive Behavioral Approach Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesFor this book can help a life coach guide individuals in their anxiety filled life and defeat their issues. The authors covered numerous bases accommodating in incorporation of the distinctive tricky territories in life. This book is divided into eleven chapters, filled with stories and information necessary to help life coaches. It covers the mind boggling subject nicely from different areas in life, from managing feedback, decisiveness, industriousness, grasping and developing change, versatilityRead MoreLife Coach Coaching Essay Examples809 Words   |  4 Pagesme what to focus on and how to enjoy this crazy, perplexin g period in my life . There is nothing as powerful as changed mind ,and I was genuinely ready to change it , The surprising thing that helped me to eliminate negative influence, and to suppress my fears was the motivational videos , which gave me more energy and courage each day to face the obstacles that I encounter , as well as changed the entire focus of my life . I believe that a great motivational speech can be all what a person needsRead MoreShort Ethics Reference Guide For Life Coaching906 Words   |  4 Pagesarea of life coaching, there are many boundaries and considerations a psychologist would have to consider. Life coaching can grow in areas of inter-based connections or one-on-one sessions in an office. The safety considerations would be has to be diligently placed in the policies of the life coach to abide by and possibly initialing the references of the policies in the informed consent. The American Psychology Association advises on some aspects of what could happen in a life coaching servicesRead MoreThe Impact Of Life Coaching On The Goal Attainment, Mental Health And Well Being Of The Peoples2784 Words   |  12 PagesIn recent years, life coaching has emerged as a new psychological concept to provide individuals overall successful personal and professional life. The life coaching is gaining mainstream recognition to help people to achieve their goals and to improve joy and happiness in life. The purpose of this research is to identify the impact of life coaching on the goal attainment, mental health and well being of the peoples. The results have proven that person who takes life coaching are more capable toRead MoreThe Impact Of Life Coaching On The Goal Attainment, Mental Health And Well Being Of The Peoples2787 Words   |  12 PagesAbstract In recent years, life coaching has emerged as a new psychological concept to provide individuals overall successful personal and professional life. The life coaching is gaining mainstream recognition to help people to achieve their goals and to improve joy and happiness in life. The purpose of this research is to identify the impact of life coaching on the goal attainment, mental health and well being of the peoples. The results have proven that person who takes life coaching are more capable toRead MoreLife Coaching913 Words   |  4 PagesLife Coach Kay Hazen College Composition I 04-03-2012 I was so happy to hear from you, and the fact that you are reaching out for help with your problems is amazing. It means that your relationship with your wife and kids is important to you and that you are ready to try to change. I know that you have suffered with addictions, and that you suffered as a child when your parents were both addicts also. To answer your question, yesRead MoreCoaching1508 Words   |  7 PagesRegent University LDRC 502 Leadership Coaching: Convergence Spiritual Life Coaching When we look at the role of coaching and how it speaks to a person’s spiritual life we first must understand the definition of coaching. Whitmore (2001) quoted Gallwey’s definition of coaching as â€Å"Coaching is unlocking a person’s potential to maximize their own performance. It is helping them to learn rather than teaching them† (p. 8). There are several definitions of coaching that attempts to pinpoint or identifyRead MoreLife Coaching from a First-Person Perspective862 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Life coaching from a first-person perspective I am a life coach and my job is not to make you better than you are at the present moment. I am actually meant to assist you in getting better acquainted with a series of qualities that you have and that you sometimes fail to put into practice. The fact that you need me to provide you with information and support does not mean that you have a weakness, as it simply means that you need to be properly prepared before you embark on a self-gratification

What Is The Theme Of The Necklace By Guy De Maupassant

The Necklace†, by Guy de Maupassant First published in French in 1884, is a fabulous short story about unhappiness and being true to yourself. The story is about a woman, named Mathilide Loisel, who was a â€Å"prima donna† of sorts. However she could not have certain things that cost too much because she did not have the money to buy the items she longed for. One night her husband brought home an invitation to a ball but she was not happy about this because she did not have a dress good enough to attend such an affair. Mr. Loisel had been saving money for a new gun for shooting however, when he saw the tears in his wife’s eye he offered the money he had saved so she could buy a dress. Well, of course, she also said she needed accessories. She†¦show more content†¦This is a great example of internal conflict because it involves feelings. Mathilide longed for things that she could not have. The story continues â€Å"she suffered when she wanted luxurious things it caused her pain† (page 1 Paragraph 3). Another example of conflict is Mathilide did not have a dress to wear to the ball (pg.2 line 7) so she had, (I use that term loosely) to spend money on a new dress. This is external and internal conflict because she really did not need to buy a new dress; it was not a matter of survival, it was purely for her to feel better. When they spent the money for the dress it was really step one too many more downfalls to come first because Mr. Loisel and Madame Loisel are financially challenged and second because as we find out later in the short story the borrowed necklace was not a real diamond necklace and the couple took loans and basically robbed Peter to pay Paul for ten years. The internal and external conflicts of the short story supported the theme by making problems from her unhappiness or even discontentment. Situational Irony made the story have a plot twist which affected the theme. In The Necklace, Mathilide said, â€Å"I -I-I have not Madame Forester’s diamond necklace† (pg.4 line 8). This is an example of situational irony because it means she lost the necklace that she borrowed from her friend. The situation this put them in was ironic because, Her being discontent caused her to borrow the necklace which she lost. AnotherShow MoreRelatedThe Theme of Pride in Guy Maupassants The Necklace Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pagescharacter in Guy de Maupassant’s short story, â€Å"The Necklace†. Set in Paris in the late 1800s, Maupassant’s story shows the costs of pride. The main character, Madame Loisel, borrows a diamond necklace from her rich friend, Madame Forestier, to wear at a ball hosted by the Minister of Public Instruction at the Palace of the Ministry. To her dismay, Madame Loisel loses the necklace, and she and her husband spend the next ten years paying back the loans they had to take out to replace the necklace, only toRead MoreThe Necklace by Guy de Maupassant1 034 Words   |  5 Pagesregret which Guy de Maupassant depicts throughout â€Å"The Necklace.† Guy de Maupassant, a French writer, born in 1850, was considered one of France’s greatest short-story writers. His writings were mostly influenced by the divorce of his parents when he was thirteen years old and by great writers such as Shakespeare, Schopenhauer, and Flauber. His parent’s divorce caused his stories to depict unhappiness of matrimony, deceit, miscommunication, and a profound misunderstanding (Maupassant, Guy de, 1850-1893)Read MoreTheme of Reality vs. Appearances in â€Å"the Necklace†1617 Words   |  7 PagesTheme of Reality vs. Appearances in â€Å"The Necklace† Henri Rene Albert Guy de Maupassant was born on August 5, 1850 in the chateau de Miromesnil near Dieppe, Normandy. He lived in Fecamp, France until age twelve (when his parents separated) then moved with his mother to a villa in Etretat, France. Home-schooled, except for a brief stay at a boarding school when he was thirteen, Maupassant ran free for most of his school years. Maupassant attended university in Paris, where he began to study lawRead MoreLiteray Analysis of The Necklace1155 Words   |  5 Pageshumans nature of greed. Guy De Maupassant, the author of The Necklace, perfectly shows how greed can lead to bad outcomes in the short story. Guy De Maupassant, one of the fathers of the short story, was born on August 5th 1850. A quote representing the legacy of Maupassant French writer of short stories an novels of the naturalists school who is by general agreement the greatest french short story writers(Bennet). In his short story, The Necklace, Maupassant focuses mo stly on greed.Read MoreRoles of Female Characters in The Necklace and Life in the Country867 Words   |  4 Pagessociety in ‘The Necklace’ and ‘Life in the Country’ There are three things that make up the society; the time, place and people. In each society each of these points differs from other societies. The stories ‘The Necklace’ and ‘Life in the Country’ by Guy de Maupassant were set in a time in which poverty was very common in most places even though each society had a different view as to what poverty is. This essay is examining the roles of the female characters in ‘The Necklace’ and ‘Life in theRead MoreThe Necklace by Guy De Maupassant1367 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Being Honest is Always Best† Telling the truth will always prevent future conflicts. Author Guy De Maupassant who lived from 1850 to 1893 proves in the story of â€Å"The Necklace,† that no matter how bad a situation is, speaking with the truth is always best. Now, this author does not prove this theme directly. Instead, throughout various situations in the story the main characters are faced with a long-term conflict because decisions were not made with honesty. Mathilde and Loisel who is her husbandRead MoreA Wasteful Fashion in The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant1149 Words   |  5 Pageslife used to pay back a debt that was worth ten thousand dollars. Was it worth it? Guy de Maupassant was a popular French writer who is known as one of the fathers of modern short stories. Many of Maupassant’s stories are set during the Franco-Prussian War of the 1870’s. Maupassant ended up writing about three hundred short stories, six novels, three travel books, and one volume of verse. In his short st ory, ‘The Necklace’, the main character, Mathilde Loisel, feels as if she should have been born richRead MoreGuy de Maupassant Writes in Third Person919 Words   |  4 Pageseveryone in the storys point of view. This way, the author can tell you what all of the characters are thinking. A writers choice of a type of narrator is crucial for the way a story is perceived by the reader. Guy de Maupassant uses a third-person limited perspective and the narrator reveals the thoughts and feelings of one character. Explicit narration directly reveals the main character’s internal and external conflict. Guy de Maupassants limited third person narrator creates a vivid characterRead MoreAnalysis Of The Necklace1358 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The Necklace† Analysis Plot Analysis - The plot analysis of (Exposition) â€Å"The Necklace† by Guy de Maupassant, take place in the late 1800s when Mathilde Loisel and her husband decides to go to a ball. The importance of the place is so you can fully appreciate how royal Mathilde is supposed to be at the ball, and let me tell you, she pulls it off. She was the most beautiful woman there, but surprisingly it wasn t the necklace that made her shine that night. She alreadyRead MoreThe Necklace By Guy De Maupassant934 Words   |  4 Pagesduring this time period was Guy de Maupassant, who wrote one of the most influential short stories of this century. â€Å"The Necklace†, written by Guy de Maupassant, illustrates elements of fiction such as the symbolism of the necklace because of Mme. Loisel’s desire to be rich, irony due to the twist ending, and a powerful theme. Firstly, the necklace Mme. Loisel borrows and her perspective symbolizes the desire she has towards being wealthy and important in society. Maupassant describes effectively the

The Criminal Justice System Has An Important Function

Each actor in the criminal justice system has an important function. However, their perceptions and actions toward victims can often shape how the victims feel about themselves and about the level of help they will receive. The first level interaction the victim will often have with the criminal justice system is with the police. Often how a police officer views certain crimes ultimately influences how they are going to treat the victim. In the case of sexual assault, a very traumatic crime, the police officer can be found blaming the victim. Researchers Sleath and Bull attributed this to â€Å"rape myth acceptance [as] [significant] [predictor] [of] victim blaming† (Sleath and Bull, 2012, pg.658). This can have an effect not only on the victims level of confidence in receiving help but also in the level of attention the officer will give the investigation. These results are an example of how the roles of the actors in the criminal justice system affect how they treat the vict im. Police officers being the first line of contact shapes the viewpoint of all the actors from that point on. For example, a detective in the instance of rape they view what the responding officer reported. If the responding officer viewed the incident negatively detectives have a harder time building the victim s credibility. Prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges are the last members of the criminal justice system victims will face. In the legal system, they are viewed as numbers in a system. VictimsShow MoreRelatedCriminal Justice System1524 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the Criminal Justice System is to reduce the crime and the fire of crime. In order to achieve this it is using different agencies and the major of them are the Police, Prosecution, Courts, Prisons and Probation. They all are operating in synchrony for achieving their legal responsibilities and particularly for reducing the level of crime. The aim of this essay specifically is to discuss the functions of the police a nd how they actually fit with the objectives of the Criminal Justice System as aRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1308 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Criminal Justice System The criminal justice system refers to the way in which a society chooses to handle all aspects of crime and punishment. In the Western world, particularly the United States, the criminal justice system is an official governmental system that focuses on crime and punishment, though some societies still incorporate a significant amount of informal social controls into their criminal justice systems. The criminal justice system covers everything from crime-prevention andRead MoreThe Doctrinal Design Has Been Used To Study The Jurisprudential1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe doctrinal design has been used to study the jurisprudential development in the areas of child witnesses, the reliability and admissibility problems of child witnesses. This has been done primarily with the help of case laws and leading judgments of various courts. 1.5 Research questions: a) Does the child have adequate cognitive skills for comprehending and accurately reporting the witnessed event? b) Can the child successfully discriminate actual events from the internal thoughts, images andRead MoreCrime Control Model And The Due Process Model1327 Words   |  6 Pagesthe criminal process. The two model of the criminal process are the crime control model and the due process model. Both of these models are bring used in the criminal justice system. The two models give understanding to the values of the criminal law with that in mind these two modes are not absolute. Herbert Packer articulates the values of the criminal justice process between due process which is emphasis on the right of an individual and crime control model sees the regulation of criminal conductRead MoreCase Study Term 2 Unit 4 Assignment750 Words   |  3 PagesCASE STUDY 2 Criminal Justice professionals have certain responsibilities and duties in order to fulfill the needs of society. Criminal justice professionals are the backbone to any society and they are given certain authority and power by the government to protect its citizens. This sets them apart from the general population. They are expected to fulfill the vast amount of duties expected of them in a professional manner. Criminal justice professionals are expected to haveRead MoreOrganizational Effectivness1211 Words   |  5 Pagesemployees and even time and data management. Within the criminal justice organization it is much more important than just making sure the criminal justice agency is merely operating properly. Achieving and maintaining efficient productivity, performance values, and efficiency are crucial in order for any organization to be successful (Mihalicz, 2012). Applying the theories of organizational effectiveness to the management aspect of criminal justice organizations and personnel will help supervisors andRead MorePolicing Functions Paper1087 Words   |  5 PagesIndividual Policing Functions Paper The police departments have come a long way from the way they were many years ago. The police have changed for the better but there is still room for improvement. In policing today there are a lot more officers, detectives, and other law enforcement officials accounted for then there was in the past years. When we have all of these people in the criminal system, it has made the government to be able to provide better protection for the people in the communitiesRead More2.3 Conclusion:. The Aim Of Criminal Law Is To Protect1463 Words   |  6 Pages2.3 Conclusion: The aim of criminal law is to protect the rights of the individuals and to safeguard the weak against the strong, law abiding against lawless and peaceful against violent. The state has prescribed certain rules of conduct, sanctions for their violations and machinery to enforce sanctions and procedure to protect that machinery. If men were angels no government would be necessary. Read MorePolice Are Responsible For The Public850 Words   |  4 Pages Function s of police, courts, and corrections involve all to most likely the same topic about laws. Police are who are responsible for the public, trying to prevent crime In towns or any state. Courts exist to do justice, able to resolve any disputes, making it fair to every person, by having evidence and what the laws say. Corrections care for the people, give custody and control. Having goals to protect populations, punishment is given to those found guilty, rehabilitation as well. The policeRead MoreWhy Do We as a Society Need a Criminal Justice System?1179 Words   |  5 PagesWHY DO WE AS A SOCIETY NEED A CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM? Introduction The criminal justice system is comprised of a basic formation, the law enforcement agencies, the courts, and the correctional services. This system has existed since ancient times and although the three facilities haven’t completely been replaced over the centuries, there has been a lot of change and amendment to how the system is used to investigate, deter, and keep order and control in today’s society. It is a fundamental part

Business Risk HIH Insurance Limited

Question: Discuss about the Business Risk for HIH Insurance Limited. Answer: Introduction: The overall study mainly helps in evaluating the case study of HIH Insurance limited and the fraud conducted by the directors of the company. In addition, the study effectively depicts different types of risk that was associated with the business assessment of HIH insurance limited. Moreover, the novice effectively provides details about the inherent risk that contributed in the collapse of HIH Insurance Limited. In addition, the study provides details about the legal liabilities, which might be enforced on to the directors of HIH Insurance for purposely using unethical means in their organisations to support their activities. Lastly, the novice depicts the ethical considerations, which could be conducted by HIH Insurance before increasing its risk exposure. Inherent and Business Risk Assessments Assessing the business risk of HIH insurance Limited: The main business risk that surrounded the overall operations of HIH Insurance is the insolvency and business structure risk. Sadgrove (2016) stated that insurance companies use low risk profile, where the return is high and risk of loss is relativity low. The assessment of HIH Insurance business risk is as follows. Insolvency risk: Moreover, the overall insolvency risk of HIH insurance company mainly relied on the auditing risk conducted by the auditor of the company. In addition, the balance sheet of the company mainly comprises of data, which reduces the overall debt of the company. In addition, the balance sheet manipulation reduced debt ratio and portrayed wrong valuation of the company. Michelacci and Schivardi (2013) stated the indentified loopholes in accounting are used by companies to inflate their balance sheet and attract potential investors. Organisational structure risk: HIH Insurance mainly changed its risk by entering into the high-risk insurance arenas like marine aviation, natural disasters, and film financing insurance. In addition, the risky endeavours of HIH Insurance mainly increased their losses. In addition, the current organisational structure of the insurance sectors mainly excluded these arenas, which was targeted by HIH Insurance. Grant et al. (2014) argued that without attain risk high return from investment could not be achieved. In addition, the higher risk structure adopted by HIH Insurance mainly increased their overall loses to $100 million from film insurance. In addition, HIH insurance did not upheld the rules and regulation laid down by Australian Prudential Regulatory Authority (APRA) in commencing their business activities. Depicting different inherent risk factors that affect HIH at financial report level and evaluating the increase or decrease in inherent risk: The overall inherent risk factors mainly comprises of the misstatement in financial report of the company. In addition, the inherent risk mainly reduces the authenticity of the financial report, which might be used by investors to evaluate the solvency status of the company. Faria et al. (2013) argued that companies with the help of auditors are able to misstate or omit their liabilities in financial report, which in turn could portray solvency of the company. Moreover, the inherent risk of HIH insurance would be according to the relative insurance companies. However, the auditors did not address the involvement of the company in marine aviation, natural disasters, and film financing insurance, which might increase the overall inherent risk. In addition, the control risk and risk detection of the company lost their friction used to the involvement of the company in higher risk insurance arenas. Moreover, the control risk mainly helps in depicting the inaccuracy conducted by the company in their financial statements. However, the accommodation of risky activities mainly decreased the efficiency of the inherent risk adopted by the auditors. Moreover, the risk detection method used by the auditors mainly decreased due to the implementation of reinsuring policies used by HIH for ordinary policies and providing higher risk insurance schemes. Mellichamp (2013) stated that auditors to increase their personal income use unethical measures and help companies to inflate their overall balance sheet. Legal Liability Evaluating the facts and findings of relevant court cases that might help Andersen to determine the likelihood of partnership for clients and creditors: The case of HIH insurance scandal might be depicted an adequate relevant court case, which might be referred by Anderson in analysing the likelihood of partnership of Clients and creditors. Moreover, the court mainly banned the directors for 10 years on the ground off fraud and instructed to pay a compensation of $7 million. Arlen and Carney (2012) argued that without the insolvency declaration it is hard for investors to detect the fraud conducted by companies in their annual report. Clients perspective: The clients of HIH Insurance mainly Mr. Brad Cooper was involved in unethical activities to bribe the agent of HIH for insuring higher risk assets. In addition, the HIH investigation member mainly received $124,000 indirectly or directly to allow the payment of $737,000. Moreover, these criminal activities conducted by the company were held in court, which helped in proving their guilt. Brochet and Srinivasan (2014) argued that unlawful sum of gifts are received by companies heads to allow unjustified insurance claims of their clients. Creditors perspective: Mr. Stephen Burroughs an office of the FAI General Insurance Company limited a creditor of HIH Insurance mainly was committed on trial charges falling to act honestly in portraying the unethical measures conducted by HIH insurance company. Mr. Daniel Wilkie, Mr Timothy Maxwell Mainprize, and Mr. Terry Cassidy was committed to trial charges as they were not doing their work honestly and stating the irregularities conducted by the company in their financial statement (Firth et al. 2016). Depicting the condition that might exists for a negligence action to be upheld: The overall negligence actions of HIH are mainly depicted as follows. Reduction in information independence: The limited knowledge depicted by HIH to its auditors and other regulatory authority could be helped as the negligence action against the company. Moreover, the auditors due to limited information were not able to comprehend the changing inherent risk of the company, which in turn increased its overall insolvency risk. Su (2015) stated that auditir5s in fear for the termination of their audit license mainly uses ethical principles in auditing companies financial statement. In addition, auditors and directors that knew about the misstatement conducted in the annual report could be upheld for negligence action in a court of law. Damaged governance practise of HIH: Moreover, the damaged corporate governance and followed in HIH insurance was the main reason behind the overall decline of the company. In addition, changes in risk exposure and commencement of high-risk insurance to clients were not depicted to the relative authority. Moreover, employees and internal auditors did not report to relevant authorities regarding the mismanagement and high-risk endeavours taken up by the company (Backof 2015). Ethics Depicting the reason that led to the appointment of prior members as external audit team for HIH: Due to the changing business perspective of HIH Insurance, it needed external auditors, which were the member of the company. In addition, inclusion of external auditors with prior member of the company might help in keeping its secret. Brown et al. (2013) argued that external auditors to increase their wealth accumulation mainly use unethical measures to hide the actual truth about the financial position of the company. In this context, Thomas (2012) mentioned that adequate permission needed by external auditors mainly helps in authenticating the overall auditors report and reduce manipulations conducted by the company. Moreover, the reasons for appointing prior members as auditors are as follows. The implementation of prior members as external auditors might help HIH insurance to reduce through checks of their financial report. Moreover, the external auditors might be able to understand the operations and requirements of different strategy due to their experience in the company. In addition, involvement and approval of previous directors mainly help investors to maintain trust for the company. Non-inclusion of different external auditors might help HIH to continue its unethical activities, which might help in retaining more profits for its members. Evaluating the advantages that might be provided by the firm depicting both auditing and consulting services: The auditing report and consulting services both provided by the auditing firm mainly helps in improving the overall operations of the company. In addition, the combined services might help the company to identify loopholes, and improve their overall operational capability. In this context, Hay et al. (2014) argued that combined auditing and consulting services might help companies to identify loopholes, which might help in portraying inflated balance sheet. Moreover, the advantages of using one firm for auditing and consulting are as follows. It could help the company identify errors in their audit process, which might help in reducing authenticity of their financial report. It could help in suggesting measures, which could be implemented by the company to reduce their overall expenditure. It could help in confining the internal secrets of the company and protect it from it competitors. The consultation and auditing firm are mainly helps in identifying errors and misstatements in the financials report, which could in turn hamper authenticity of the financial report. Helin and Babri (2015) stated that consultation firm mainly helps companies to reduce their tax by providing suggestions, which in turn increases their retained profits. Providing reasons for any ethical standard violation conducted by the company: After the effective evaluation of the HIH insurance company case it could be found that there were many ethical violations conducted by directors, external auditors and other members of the company. In addition, Arthur Anderson is mainly identified as the mainly culprit for taking advantage of the circumstance used by HIH Insurance. Moreover, around $1.7 million and $1.6 million was paid for auditing and consulting fees. Zadek et al. (2013) argued that ethical violation only takes place when the internal control of the company weakens, which leads to higher liquidity accumulation. The external auditors did not follows the auditing rules laid down by AASB and decreased. Moreover, the auditors did not complete their duties according to their rules laid down by AASB and helped HIH Insurance in inflating their financial report. The circumstance used by HIH Insurance to conduct external audit and change regulations laid down by prudential margin mainly states the ethical violation candied by its directors and auditors. Theses ethical violations were only conducted to increase their overall personal wealth (Pitt 2014). Depicting the recommendations that are provided by Ramsay report and CLERP 9, which might help in evaluating the impacts on auditing practise: Ramsay report and CLERP 9 mainly helped in identifying policies, which could be used in ethical financial reporting and governance. Moreover, the recommendation of th CLERP 9 and Ramsay report are as follows. To increase the overall wait time of the retied top management personal to join the external audit team from 2 to 4 years. To implement the auditing companies senior personnel involvement audit report of the company. To increase the rotation of members of external auditors to five years With the help of theses indentified policies the overall unethical measure could be reduced, which in turn might help in improving the overall authenticity of the financial report. Baker et al. (2014) stated that implementation of strict rules and regulation might help in igniting fear among unethical practitioners and increase authenticity of the financial report. On the other hand, William et al. (2016) criticises that due to greed, auditors mainly identifies different loopholes in new rules, which in turn reduces authenticity of the financial report. Conclusion: The overall assignment mainly helps in depicting the unethical measures conducted by HIH Insurance Company to inflate their financial statement. Moreover, the study also helps in identifying the insolvency and organisational structure risk identified as the main business risk for HIH Insurance Company. Moreover, the unidentified inherent risk mainly reduces the overall authenticity of the audit report prepared for HIH Insurance. Moreover, the novice effectively depicts legal liabilities that might be portrayed to Mr. Andersen for his unethical measures conducted in portraying the audit report. Moreover, with the help of Ramsay report and CLERP 9 ethical auditing could be conducted in business, which might help in authenticating their financial report. Reference: Arlen, J. and Carney, W.J., 2012. Vicarious liability for fraud on securities markets: Theory and evidence. Backof, A.G., 2015. The impact of audit evidence documentation on jurors' negligence verdicts and damage awards.The Accounting Review,90(6), pp.2177-2204. Baker, C.R., Bdard, J. and Prat dit Hauret, C., 2014. The regulation of statutory auditing: an institutional theory approach.Managerial Auditing Journal,29(5), pp.371-394. Brochet, F. and Srinivasan, S., 2014. Accountability of independent directors: Evidence from firms subject to securities litigation.Journal of Financial Economics,111(2), pp.430-449. Brown-Liburd, H.L., Cohen, J. and Trompeter, G., 2013. Effects of earnings forecasts and heightened professional skepticism on the outcomes of clientauditor negotiation.Journal of business ethics,116(2), pp.311-325. Faria, S.R., Alford, A., Garcia, S.C. and Fulkerson, W.J., 2013. An integrated assessment of business risk for pasture-based dairy farm systems intensification.Agricultural Systems,115, pp.10-20. Firth, M., Wong, S., Xin, Q. and Yick, H.Y., 2016. Regulatory sanctions on independent directors and their consequences to the director labor market: Evidence from China.Journal of Business Ethics,134(4), pp.693-708. Grant, K., Edgar, D., Sukumar, A. and Meyer, M., 2014. Risky business: Perceptions of e-business risk by UK small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs).International Journal of Information Management,34(2), pp.99-122. Hay, D., Knechel, W.R. and Willekens, M., 2014.The Routledge Companion to Auditing. Routledge. Helin, S. and Babri, M., 2015. Travelling with a code of ethics: a contextual study of a Swedish MNC auditing a Chinese supplier.Journal of Cleaner Production,107, pp.41-53. Mellichamp, D.A., 2013. New discounted cash flow method: estimating plant profitability at the conceptual design level while compensating for business risk/uncertainty.Computers Chemical Engineering,48, pp.251-263. Michelacci, C. and Schivardi, F., 2013. Does Idiosyncratic Business Risk Matter for Growth?.Journal of the European Economic Association,11(2), pp.343-368. Pitt, S.A., 2014. International standards for the professional practice of internal auditing. Sadgrove, K., 2016.The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Su, L., 2015. Do the auditors bear the consequences of corporate failures? The case of failed New Zealand finance companies. Thomas, S., 2012. Ethics and accounting education.Issues in Accounting Education,27(2), pp.399-418. William Jr, M., Glover, S. and Prawitt, D., 2016. Auditing and Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach.Auditing and Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach. Zadek, S., Evans, R. and Pruzan, P., 2013.Building corporate accountability: Emerging practice in social and ethical accounting and auditing. Routledge.

Customer Service Representative

The goal of the present survey is to reveal major training needs of customer service representatives. It is important to outline common difficulties these employees face and it is also essential to trace any gaps in their professional skills.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Customer Service Representative specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To achieve the goal mentioned above, employees should complete some questionnaires. The questionnaires should include the following questions: Employee’s Name. __________________________________________ How long have you worked as a customer service representative? _____ How long have you worked at this company?______________________ Do you work: part-time? full-time? Please select the areas which are the most difficult for you to cope with: Answering phone calls Making phone calls Face-to-face communication with customers Communicating with management Using technolog y (telephone, computer, etc.) Using software (Microsoft Word, Excel, etc.) Consulting customers on services provided by the company Learning about company’s services and products Other:__________________________________________________ Which of the following training topics are you interested in? Customers service skills Computer training Conflict management Organization’s structure and services (products) Workplace ethics Grievance procedure Other:__________________________________________________ Please select the most appropriate mode of the training program for you: Discussions Lectures Workshops Real setting training Which training method would you choose: Classroom Internet Video Have you attended workshops which you could recommend to your colleagues? yes no Please note the most convenient time for you to attend lectures and discussions. ___________________________________________ Please point out the most convenient day for you to attend lecture s and discussions. ___________________________________________ This questionnaire addresses common needs of customer service representatives (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2009). It will help to collect the necessary data to design the most effective training program for customer service representatives. According to Barbazette (2006) it is essential to use different methods to conduct needs analysis survey. As far as the present survey is concerned, first, employees will complete self-administered questionnaires. After this, it is possible to create focus groups. Employees will be grouped in terms of the time they have been working. Of course, employee’s needs will also be taken into account. If it is difficult to place an employee to any group, it will be necessary to conduct an additional individual interview. The effectiveness of the training program depends greatly on forming of the focus groups. It is important to combine the three methods mentioned above to eliminate an y possible inaccuracy. Thus, self-administered questionnaires are good for collecting data concerning exact each employee’s needs. These questionnaires will also enable a human resources development specialist to collect comprehensive data concerning employees’ difficulties. It is important to note that questionnaires should be precise and clear. Employees should be able to understand each question to answer it properly. Besides, it is important that questionnaires are quite short as employees do not have much time for such tasks (McConnell, 2003).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If the questionnaire is lengthy, employees can pay little attention to each question in order to cover all points. Of course, this will not lead to proper data collection. It is also important to note that questionnaires should contain data concerning the future training program (at le ast, most suitable schedule can be designed on the basis of the employee’s answers). Thus, questionnaires should be precise and brief. However, sometimes even the most comprehensive questionnaire is not enough as employees can have doubts concerning their own needs. Therefore, individual interview can help the trainer to identify real needs of employees to place them in the most appropriate focus groups. Training should be held in groups as the most effective training presupposes a lot of discussion and sharing ideas (McConnell, 2003). Admittedly, these methods of data collection will help to design the most effective training program (Barbazette, 2006). Some may argue that needs analysis is a waste of time. For instance, some may say that it is enough to hold workshops when something new is introduced (new services or products, organizational changes, etc.). However, it is essential to make sure that employees are aware of the present state of the organization. It is also im portant to understand whether there are certain gaps in employees’ knowledge or professional skills. As soon as these challenging areas (gaps) are revealed, they can be easily eliminated during properly designed training programs. It goes without saying that needs analysis is the best way to outline the areas which require special attention. Thus, while conducting needs analysis, a HRD specialist can reveal the most challenging areas for each employee. More so, the HRD specialist will be able to design the most appropriate training program. For instance, the questionnaires will help the HRD specialist to understand how to combine different techniques (discussions, lectures, videos, Internet and/or real-life settings). Admittedly, the right choice of the most appropriate technique can ensure that the training program designed will be effective and will meet the employees’ needs. References Barbazette, J. (2006). Training needs assessment: Methods, tools, and techniques. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley Sons.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Customer Service Representative specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2009). Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition. Web. McConnell, J.H. (2003). How to identify your organization’s training needs: A practical guide to needs analysis. New York, NY: AMACOM. This essay on Customer Service Representative was written and submitted by user Danny Rand to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cajun History, Language, Music, Cuisine, and Culture

Cajun History, Language, Music, Cuisine, and Culture Cajuns are a group of people largely residing in southern Louisiana, a region rich with the history of several cultures. Descended from the Acadians, French settlers from Atlantic Canada, today they celebrate a diverse and vibrant culture unlike any other. Cajun History In 1754, France went to war with Great Britain in North America over lucrative fishing and fur-trapping efforts, a conflict known as the Seven Years War. This conflict ended in defeat for the French with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. France was forced to give up their rights to their colonies in North America as a term of that treaty. During the war the Acadians were exiled from the land theyd occupied for over a century, a process known as the Great Disturbance. The exiled Acadians resettled in many locations including the British North American colonies, France, England, the Caribbean and for some, a Spanish colony known as Louisiana. Settlement of Cajun Country in Louisiana The new settlers began cultivating the land for agriculture and fished the Gulf of Mexico and surrounding bayous. They navigated the Mississippi River. People from other cultures including the Spanish, Canary Islanders, Native Americans, descendants of African slaves and French Creoles from the Caribbean settled in Louisiana as well during this same time period. People from these different cultures interacted with each other over the years and formed the modern-day Cajun culture. The word â€Å"Cajun† itself is a an evolution of the word â€Å"Acadian,† in the French-based creole language that became widely spoken among the settlers in this area. France acquired Louisiana from Spain in 1800, only to sell the area to the United States of America three years later in the Louisiana Purchase. The area settled by the Acadians and other cultures became known as the Territory of Orleans. American settlers poured into the Territory soon after, eager to make money. The Cajuns sold the fertile land along the Mississippi River and pushed westward, to modern south-central Louisiana, where they could settle the land for no cost. There, they cleared land for pasture grazing and began growing crops such as cotton and rice. This area is known as Acadiana due to the influence from Cajun culture. Cajun Culture and Language As a result Cajun French became spoken less and nearly died out altogether during the mid-20th century. Organizations such as the Council for the Development of French in Louisiana devoted their efforts to provide means for Louisianans of all cultures to learn French. In 2000, the Council reported 198,784 Francophones in Louisiana, many of whom speak Cajun French. Many speakers statewide speak English as their primary language but use French at home. Cajun Cuisine Cajun Music With increased exposure to other cultures through Internet-based media Cajun culture continues to remain popular and, without a doubt, will continue to thrive.

Christianity and Democracy in America Term Paper

Christianity and Democracy in America - Term Paper Example In democratic countries, society is controlled in a lesser degree than the government. Consequently, democracy leads to the creation of opinions, sentiments, suggests ordinary practices of life, and modifies what it does not produce (Tocqueville 5). â€Å"The more I advanced in the study of American society, the more I perceived that the equality of conditions was the fundamental fact from which all others seemed to be derived, and the central point at which all my observations constantly terminated. I then turned my thoughts to our own hemisphere, and imagined that I discerned there also something analogous to the spectacle which the new world presented to me. I observed that the equality of conditions, though it has not yet reached, as in the United States, its extreme limits, is daily progressing towards them; and that the democracy which governs the American communities appears to be rapidly rising into power in Europe. From that moment I conceived the idea of the book which is now before the reader.† (Tocqueville 6). According to Tocqueville, American democracy is the best example that should be followed by other countries. He considers democracy to be the greatest and the most important issue of his time. However, America was seen by both democrats and aristocrats as a force that tries to divide Europe. Democrats argued that democratic principles should be exercised in the society while aristocrats tried to withstand the democratic spirit. Jacques Maritain Maritain, who was a Frenchman, majorly reflected on the church and the state. The state, according to Maritain, is political and is concerned with the common welfare of the people, the public order, and administration of public affairs. Further, he states that the state is a part of a society that protects and promotes the interests of the people. The state is not a person or a group of persons but rather an institution or institutions working together (Dougherty 13). Maritain further explains th e importance of a spirituality or Christianity in the state. From a religious point of view, the common good of the politics in the state is in direct ordination of something which transcends it. The state is controlled and is under the order of a supreme being. From a secular perspective, the church is an organization or a set of instructions concerned with the spiritual well being of an individual or of a believer. In political perspective, the good activities done by the citizens have an impact on the lives of the members of a community. Therefore, the church is necessary for the common good of the state and to the society. He further states that the church and the state cannot work in isolation or the ignorance of one another. In the body of a person, there is a part which is a member of the church and another part which is political. An absolute division of the church and the state cannot occur. The state and the church must cooperate (Maritain 15). Further, Maritain says that the state owes its political authority to the people. Citizens must be given a right to self government. The right of self governance is foreseen in the constitution, whether written or not written. The citizens are the group of persons who unite under just laws to achieve their common goal. However, the citizens are concerned not only with politics. Every individual has a spiritual soul; therefore, the people are above the state, the sate works for them not the citizens working for

Terminal Operations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Terminal Operations - Assignment Example The harbour has existed since the Roman times and has a number of extensive wharves and docks, on top of a cruise liner terminal. The harbour also has a terminal that serves ferries to connect Malta to Catania and Pozzallo in Sicily. The Marsamxett harbour is located west of Valletta and mainly hosts several yacht marinas. The harbour at Marsaxlokk which is the site upon which the Malta Freeport stands is on the south-east of Malta, and is the main cargo terminal in the republic (Bill, 2004). Also, there are two man-made harbours that are used to provide car and passenger ferry service connecting Marr Harbour on Gozo and irkewwa Harbour on Malta. Malta Freeport is among the most sophisticated terminal hubs in the world. The port has a well established feeder network connecting it to over 100 ports in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean ocean. The port has experienced remarkable growth since it was established and has attracted some of the most renowned international maritime players in the world courtesy of state-of-the-art facilities, proven track record and enviable geographical location (Bill, 2004). Port Authorities in Malta have increasingly appreciated the need for the construction of modern one million TEU container terminals in Malta in response to the need to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and capacity, and globalise terminal operations. The highly automated terminal is expected to use gantry cranes. The construction of the modern terminal will have great consequences for the strategic position of port as well as to its potential clients. Standard-sized containers are commonly used to cargo between different transportation modes such as trains, trucks and ships (Bill, 2004). A commonly used unit of cargo capacity used for describing container terminals and container ships is the teu or TEU, but is an inexact measure. One TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit) represents a cargo capacity of a shipping container 8 feet wide and 20 feet long without a standardized height. The container height can range from 4.25feet to 9.5feet but more commonly is 8.5feet The construction which is anticipated to offer world-class maritime services will be capable of handling one million teu annually with a potential for future expansion. Several Safety and security issues must be well addressed during the construction of the facility which must also be environmentally friendly (Felix, 2008). The high-level technological gantry equipment used at the terminal must be able to keep drivers, visitors and workers safe while expediting cargo movement using the newest and technologically advanced handling machines. The automated container handling system will make it possible for the management function to closely monitor activities taking place in the terminal through a central monitoring office. CONTAINER TERMINALS In the recent past, methodological approaches in container terminal operations have considerably changed with modern techniques of material handling being adopted (Hans, 2004). Yet another area where significant changes have been witnessed in information and communication as well as the security functions of the organization. Constructing of quay walls, fairways, and terminal areas must therefore be carefully done in line with the master plan which has several security and safety measures on top of complying with current regulations and providing room for future development (Felix, 2008). In

Who Are The Cherokee Indians History Essay

Who Are The Cherokee Indians History Essay Cherokee Indians are a tribe that originated in the Southeastern United States. Their traditional lands included north Alabama from Noccalula Falls at Gadsden, Alabama, to all of Georgia north of Atlanta, to Kings Mountain, S. C. in the east; all of western North Carolina, southwest Virginia and East and Middle Tennessee. They also had traditional hunting claims in Kentucky. Their territory was eventually eliminated through about three dozen treaties between 1721 and 1835. The Treaty of New Echota (near Calhoun, Georgia) ceded the last remaining territory east of the Mississippi in exchange for land in Oklahoma. The whole tribe of Cherokees was forced to go west to Oklahoma in the 1830s on the infamous Trail of Tears that began at Red Clay Council Grounds in Tennessee just north of the Georgia state line. Among those who were force to leave were several thousand who died on the Trail of Tears. However, a few were able to hide in the mountains of western North Carolina. This group became the Eastern Band of Cherokees. Their tribal headquarters are at Cherokee, North Carolina. Today there are reservations in North Carolina with about 10,000 Cherokee and Oklahoma with about 100,000 Cherokee. Many are mix bloods rather than full bloods. Many Cherokee place names have been left in the places where they previously lived. The name Tennessee was taken from one of the Cherokee towns. The Cherokee were counted as one of the five civilized tribes of the Southeast which includes the Choctaw, Chickasaws, Creeks and Seminoles. They had the most vital and richest culture of all the tribes north of Mexico, a feature that most modern Americans have forgotten unless reminded in movies such as The Outlaw Josey Wales. Prehistoric and pre-Columbian knowledge of the Cherokee is limited. Their first European contact was with the expedition led by Hernando de Soto in 1540. The contact with de Soto was limited because his goal was exploration. He was followed eventually in the 1600s growing numbers of contacts French colonies in Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana and with the Spanish in Florida. However with the founding of the English colonies of Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina the contract grew into trade relationships. The trade relations developed with the Cherokee getting guns, powder, shot, and other trade goods in exchange for deer skins. The skins were valuable in Europe as a type of leather goods. Guns were more efficient hunting tools than bows and arrows. British merchants, who were frequently Scotsmen moved into Cherokee villages and established trading post. Many of these traders married Indian women. Their children, who were mix-bloods, usually grew up in the wilderness but with some European education. They were to be important because they provided much of the leadership in the future, at times in agreement and at times in opposition to the full bloods. Being of both cultures they were able to interpret each culture to the other. During the Eighteen Century the struggle between the French and English for control of North American meant frequent warfare. To protect the deer skin trade forts were built in Cherokee country which was divided into three basic areas. For the most part the Cherokee lived in towns. South Carolina held the lower towns; Western North Carolina the middle towns; and the over the hill towns were in east Tennessee. Fort Loudoun had been built in 1756-1757 at the confluence of the Little Tennessee and Tellico Rivers. It was a trade center and the Cherokee had free access to it until the outbreak of the Cherokee War (1759-1761). The Cherokee War occurred during the French and Indian War (1754-63). Known as the Seven Years War globally The French and Indian War is the name for its North American Theater of Operations. The origin of the Cherokee War was an incident in late 1758. A Cherokee war party, returning from unrewarding service in the Forbes Expedition, stole a few horses from frontier settlers. In a brief fight both Cherokee and whites suffered casualties. The Cherokee then sought revenge under their law which was in essence the law of the feud in which retaliation soon killed many on both sides. In November of 1759 South Carolina Governor William Henry Lyttleton declared war on the Cherokee. Efforts at peace negotiation failed because the Cherokees refused to surrender the individuals who had begun the fighting. To do so would have satisfied English ideas of justice; but would have violated Cherokee traditions. By 1760 a growing number of Cherokee and white settlers had been killed. In June Colonel Archibald Montgomery led an army of British regulars and colonial forces against the Cherokee. The Lower Towns and Middle Towns in the southern Appalachians were destroyed. Montgomery won a costly battle near Franklin, North Carolina on June 27, 1760 after which he returned to Charlestown. The gravest incident was the massacre of the Fort Loudoun garrison. The fort had been surrounded by the Cherokee and reduced to starvation. It was surrendered and its garrison was retiring to South Carolina, when it was attacked at Ballplay, Tennessee, where Cains Creek joins the Tellico River. Twenty-two officers and soldiers along with three women were killed in revenge for Cherokee losses. The survivors were held captive until the wars end. In June 1761 an expedition commanded by Lieutenant Colonel James Grant defeated the Cherokee near the village of Estatoe. He then burned all of their neighboring towns and all of their crops reducing them to near starvation. The Cherokee accepted peace term in August 1761. The Cherokee suffered numerous losses during the Cherokee War; however, more devastating were the losses from European diseases such as small pox, measles and other contagions. In response the Cherokee fought back with the Booger Dance, a spiritual weapon. Booger Dancers wore ugly masks and danced to ward off diseases or to ceremonially reduce fear of the deadly diseases. During the American Revolution the Cherokee remained loyal to the British and conducted military operations on their behalf. This led to fighting with the colonists and to demands for their removal after the Revolution. Among the Cherokee women often played an important role as counselors. Some became known as war women. An important War Woman was Nancy Ward. The acceptance of female leadership and influence was contrary to the male dominated white practice. By the 1790s Cherokee leadership came to the conclusion that he best way to preserve themselves was to become civilized. They began to develop more European style farm, clothing, government and Christianity. Often led by the mixed bloods such as John Ross, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot they were aided by missionaries such as the Moravians who had a mission at Spring Place, Georgia. The Cherokee leadership began to develop into a civilized nation complete with the practice of slavery. A great event in the advancement of the Cherokees was the invention of a Cherokee language syllabary by the mixed blood Sequoya (Sequoya, Sequoia, Sikwayi). Named George Gist by his English father he was a skilled craftsman who developed a system of 86 symbols that represented the sounds of the Cherokee language. The syllabary was finished by 1821 and opened the way for thousands of Cherokee to learn it within a few years. The Cherokee Council was the government of the Cherokee nation and based upon its constitution. It met in the town of New Echota (now a restored state park just east of the current City of Calhoun, Georgia). The Council adopted the syllabary and provided for the publication of an official Cherokee newspaper, The Phoenix. Published in both Cherokee and English it was the first Indian newspaper in the United States. By 1827 the Bible, hymnbooks, pamphlets and many other writings were being translated into Cherokee. During the War of 1812 many Cherokee aided the Americans against the British and their allies including the Creeks (Muscogee). At the Battle of Horseshoe Bend (Alabama) in 1814 General Andrew Jacksons life was save by a Cherokee brave, Junaluska. However, this was not enough to prevent then President Jackson allowing their removal to Oklahoma in the 1830s. The demand for removal of all Indians east of the Mississippi River had been strong since at least the Presidency of Thomas Jefferson. In Georgia it was a major issue especially after the discovery of gold at Dahlonega in 1828. A huge influx of miners moved, often illegally, onto Cherokee land increasing demands for removal which occurred despite Supreme Court rulings in favor of the Cherokee: Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) and Worcester v Georgia (1832). The Five Civilized Tribes were removed in whole or in part. A remnant of the Cherokee found refuge in the deep coves of the Smokey Mountains of Appalachia. With legal help from whites they eventually purchased land at Cherokee and became the Eastern Band. The bulk of the Cherokee in northern Georgia and elsewhere were forcibly expelled from their homes and conducted under military guard to Red Clay Council Grounds (now Tennessee historic state park) just north of Cohutta, Georgia, but in Tennessee. From there one group set out in the autumn to journey to Oklahoma. Many died on the Trail of Tears, a few escaped to North Carolina, and those that arrived in Oklahoma eventually had to develop their own farms and institutions. During the War Between the States most of the Cherokee sided with the Confederacy. They fought in battles in Missouri, Arkansas and Oklahoma. After 1885 Senator Henry Dawes of Massachusetts introduced what became the Dawes Act. It abolished the communal property of tribes and instituted a policy of individual ownership that was to further promote their civilizing. While the Five Civilized Tribes were exempt from the Dawes Act they came under increasing pressure to accept it. In 1895 the Curtis Act dissolved Indian tribal governments and forced allotments of the land. The results were a great deal of swindling of the Cherokee and many other Indians. Almost all of the original land granted to the Cherokee under the terms of the Treaty of New Echota was lost. In compensation Cherokee were made American citizens in 1901 and allowed to vote. On March 3, 1906, the Cherokee Nation was abolished. The present Cherokee Nation was organized in 1948 under the Wheeler-Howard Indian Reorganization Act (1934). Economic justice was to some degree awarded the Cherokee Nation in 1961 with payment of $15,000,000 by the U.S. Claims Commission for lands of the Cherokee Strip (Outlet). Modern Cherokee have served in the United States military and government. Most are educated and only a small number speak Cherokee. The seat of the Cherokee Nation (tribal government) is at Tahlequah, Oklahoma. The tribe adopted a new constitution in 2006. Under the leadership of their Principle Chiefs since the 1950s, who have included W.W. Keeler (1971-1975), Ross Swimmer (1975-1985)Â ¸ Wilma Mankiller (1985-1995), Joe Byrd (1995-1999) and Chad Corntassel Smith (1999-Present). The tribe conducts many different programs to promote the welfare and its cultural traditions. Among its money making ventures are casinos in Oklahoma and North Carolina. The Cherokee are in the process of building their own future with aid from many sources. Andrew J. Waskey References and Future Reading Bass, Althea. Cherokee Messenger. 1936. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma, 1996. Cotterill, R. S. The Southern Indians: The Story of the Civilized Tribes Before Removal. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1954. Foreman, Grant. The Five Civilized Tribes: Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1934. Hudson, Charles. The Southeastern Indians. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1976. King, Duane H. ed. The Cherokee Indian Nation. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1979. McLoughlin, William G. Cherokees Missionaries, 1789-1839. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995. Mooney, James. History, Myths, and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees. 1900 1891. Ashville, NC: Historical Images, 1992. Purdue, Theda. ed. Cherokee Editor: The Writings of Elias Boudinot. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1996. Woodward, Grace Steele. The Cherokee. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.

Apollinarius and His Teachings Essay -- Religion History

Apollinarianism is the heresy, which denied the completeness of Christ’s humanity named after Apollinarius of Laodicea born circa 312 –315 who became a bishop of Laodicea in 360. Originally, a supporter of orthodoxy against the Arians, his Christological teaching becomes a heresy among scholars, at a synod in Rome in 374-80 and by the Council of Constantinople in 381. The Christology of Apollinarius is summarised as, one hypostasis, one physis, one prosopon and one energia (activity). The intention of this essay is to examine the background of Apollinarius and his teachings. It will also look at his main opponents Gregory of Nazianzus and Gregory of Nyssa. Background: Apollinarius of Laodicea is the last of the great extraordinary thinkers of his time influenced by Hellenic position. Apollinarius was a man of great learning influenced by his father a grammarian also called Apollinarius. His father left his hometown and settled at Berytus as a schoolmaster, and later had moved to Laodicea. Apollinarius formed friendships with influential figures in early church society such as Epiphanius. If Apollinarius was not born in the faith then he had been a Christian for many years. He was then ordained priest at Laodicea. He was familiar with classical literature and wanted his son Apollinarius born between 312 and 315 to have a good education. Not much is known about the life of his son Apollinarius of Laodicea he was enthusiastic to the formulation of the Nicene faith and was left to develop his theological theories, during his life time he made many works which have now perished. The works, which are available to us, are heretical and are just a small proportion of his entire works. Later this city became his Episcopal ... ...t recurring argument against his Christology. â€Å"It was man’s rational soul, with its power of choice, which was the seat of sin†; if the word is un-united with a human rational soul then the salvation of mankind is not achieved. Works Cited Dà ¼nzl Franz, A Brief History of the Doctrine of the Trinity in the Early Church, 2007, London. Grillmeier Aloys, Christ in Christian Tradition, Volume 2, Part one, 1987, Oxford. Grillmeier Aloys, Christ in Christian Tradition, Volume 2, Part two, 1987, Oxford. Kelly J. N. D., Early Christian Doctrines, 2008, London. Raven Charles E., Apollinarianism, 1923, Cambridge. Sellers R. V., Two Ancient Christologies, 1940, London Stevenson J., Creeds, Councils and Controversies, 1989, London. Norris R. A. Jr., The Christological Controversy, 1980, Oxford. Addis & Arnold, Catholic Dictionary, 1951, London.

Foreign Direct Investment: Starbucks Case Essay

Requirements:The case should address all the questions provided plus any additional issues the group members feel are pertinent to the case and include a comprehensive update on the company’s situation since the time of the case. The case should be written up and presented in case format: scenario, problem to be solved or decision to be made, alternatives with the pros and cons of each and finally the recommendation with the accompanying rationale. Foreign Direct Investment: Starbucks Case Background General Thirty years ago Starbucks was a single store in Seattle’s Pike Place Market selling premium roasted coffee. Today it is a global roaster and retailer of coffee with over 7,000 stores in U.S. and outside U.S. Starbucks Co. set out on its current course in the 1980s when the company’s director of marketing came back from a trip to Italy enchanted with the Italian coffeehouse experience. Schultz persuaded the company’s owner to experiment with the coffeehouse format-and the Starbucks’ experience was born. The basic strategy was to sell the company’s own premium roasted coffee, along with freshly brewed espresso-style coffee beverages, a variety of pastries, coffee accessories, teas, and other products, in a tastefully designed coffeehouse setting. The company also stressed providing superior customer service. Reasoning that motivated employees provide the best customer service, Starbucks’ executives devoted a lot of attention to employee hiring and training programs and progressive compensation policies that gave even part-time employees stock option grants and medical benefits. The formula met with spectacular success in the United States, where Starbucks went from obscurity to one of the best known brands in the country in a decade. (Hill, 2003) The Company’s objective is to establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected brand in the world. Starbucks purchases and roasts high-quality  whole bean coffees and sells them along with fresh, rich-brewed, Italian style espresso beverages, a variety of pastries and confections, and coffee-related accessories and equipment — primarily through its company-operated retail stores. In addition to sales through our company-operated retail stores, Starbucks sells whole bean coffees through a specialty sales group and supermarkets. Additionally, Starbucks produces and sells bottled Frappuccino ® coffee drink and a line of premium ice creams through its joint venture partnerships and offers a line of innovative premium teas produced by its wholly owned subsidiary, Tazo Tea Company. The Company divides its operation into two segments, United States and International, each of which include Company-operated retail stores and Specialty Operations. 1.Company-operated Retail Stores The Company’s retail goal is to become the leading retailer and brand of coffee in each of its target markets by selling the finest quality coffee and related products and by providing superior customer service, thereby building a high degree of customer loyalty. Starbucks strategy for expanding its retail business is to increase its market share in existing markets primarily by opening additional stores and to open stores in new markets where the opportunity exists to become the leading specialty coffee retailer. All Starbucks stores offer a choice of regular and decaffeinated coffee beverages, a broad selection of Italian-style espresso beverages, cold blended beverages, iced shaken refreshment beverages and a selection of teas and distinctively packaged roasted whole bean coffees. Starbucks stores also offer a selection of fresh pastries and other food items, sodas, juices, coffee-making equipment and accessories, a selection of compact discs, games and seasonal novelty items. Each Starbucks store varies its product mix depending upon the size of the store and its location. Larger stores carry a broad selection of the Company’s whole bean coffees in various sizes and types of packaging, as well as an assortment of coffee and espresso-making equipment and accessories such as coffee grinders, coffeemakers, coffee  filters, storage containers, travel tumblers and mugs. Smaller Starbucks stores and kiosks typically sell a full line of coffee beverages, a limited selection of whole bean coffees and a few accessories such as travel tumblers and logo mugs. Approximately 1,200 stores carry a selection of â€Å"grab and go† sandwiches and salads. During fiscal 2003, the Company’s retail sales mix by product type was comprised of approximately 78% beverages, 12% food items, 5% whole bean coffees and 5% coffee-making equipment and accessories. 2.Specialty Operations Starbucks Specialty Operations strive to develop the Starbucks brand outside the Company-operated retail store environment through a number of channels. Starbucks strategy is to reach customers where they work, travel, shop and dine by establishing relationships with prominent third parties that share the Company’s values and commitment to quality. These relationships take various forms including licensing arrangements, foodservice accounts and other initiatives related to the Company’s core businesses. In certain situations, Starbucks has an equity ownership interest in licensee operations. During fiscal 2003, specialty revenues (which include royalties and fees from licensees as well as product sales derived from Specialty Operations) accounted for approximately 15% of total net revenues. Go International The US coffee-bar market may be reaching saturation. Further, Starbucks’ store base is also maturing, leading to a slowdown in the growth of unit volume and firm profitability. In response, Starbucks has turned its attention to foreign markets for continued growth. Objective Starbucks mission for international development is to be a global company, making a difference in peoples’ lives by leveraging our brand and the coffee experience to foster human connections. The Starbucks Experience is about  passion for a quality product, excellent customer service, and people. The Company’s objective is to establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected brand in the world. To achieve this goal, the company plans to continue rapid expansion of its retail operations, to grow its Specialty Operations and to selectively pursue other opportunities to leverage the Starbucks brand through the introduction of new products and the development of new channels of distribution. In doing global business, Starbucks greatly consider local culture as mentioned by Howard Schultz that Starbucks remain highly respectful of the culture and traditions of the countries in which we do business. Starbucks also recognizes that its success is not an entitlement, and Starbucks must continue to earn the trust and respect of customers every day. Entry Mode In 1995, the firm established a subsidiary called Starbucks Coffee International Inc. This group is responsible for all Starbucks business development outside North America, including developing new businesses, financing and planning stores, managing operations and logistics, merchandising, and training and developing Starbucks’ international managers. Starbucks’ first non-North American store was opened in 1996 in Tokyo. Starbucks initially used licensing agreement for its global strategy. Because Starbucks wanted to control business strategy in Japan market, it changed the strategy by establishing joint venture with a local retailer, Sazaby, Inc. Then, Starbucks licensed its business format to the joint venture company. After entering into the Japanese market, Starbucks increased the pace of international expansion significantly. In 1998, Starbucks acquired Seattle Coffee Company in the United Kingdom, a chain with more than 60 retail locations. That same year, it opened stores in Taiwan, Thailand, New Zealand, and Malaysia. In 1999, Starbucks opened in China (Beijing), Kuwait,  South Korea, and Lebanon. In 2000, it entered another seven markets (China – Hong Kong and Shanghai, Dubai, Australia, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain). It added three markets in 2001 (Switzerland, Israel, and Austria). In 2002, another nine markets were opened (Oman, Spain, Indonesia, Germany, Southern China – Macau and Shenzhen, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Greece). In Asia, the most common strategy used by Starbucks was under licensing agreement. But due to similar reason such as in Japan, Starbucks converted licensing format to joint venture or wholly owned subsidiaries. Thailand, for example, Starbucks acquired its licensee operator to gain control over the expansion strategy in Thailand. In South Korea, Starbucks chose to use joint venture. However, Starbucks development strategy adapts to different markets addressing local needs and requirements. They currently use three business strategies: Joint ventures Licenses Company-owned operations As of At fiscal year end 2003, the Company had a total of 1,257 licensed retail stores in 28 countries managed by the Company’s international divisions and located as follows: Asia-Pacific (9 countries) 968 Europe/Middle East/Africa (13 countries) 176 Americas (6 countries) 113 Total1.257 Results Starbucks is well on its way to becoming a global brand. According to Business Week The Starbucks name and image connect with millions of consumers around the globe. It was one of the fastest-growing brands in a Business Week survey of the top 100 global brands published August 5 [2002]. But becoming a global company is not without risks. Global expansion poses huge risks for Starbucks. For one thing, it makes less money on each overseas store because most of them are operated with local partners. While that makes it easier to start up on foreign turf, it reduces the company’s share of the profits to only 20% to 50%.† The Company’s financial performance is highly dependent upon the retail operations of the United States operating segment. The Company’s International operating segment (excluding Canada) is not currently profitable, and its international stores and licensees may not be successful in their operations or in achieving expected growth. Some factors critical to the success of the Company’s international stores and licensees are different than those affecting the United States stores and licensees. The economies of a number of the international markets in which Starbucks and its licensees operate have been weak in recent years. Tastes naturally vary by region, and consumers in the new international markets into which Starbucks and its licensees expand may not embrace products and services to the same extent as consumers in the Company’s existing United States markets. Occupancy costs and store operating expenses are sometimes higher internationally than in the United States due to higher rents for prime, inner-city store locations or due to local laws that make it more expensive to retain or terminate employees. The Company’s International operations are also subject to the inherent risks of foreign currency fluctuations and changes in economic, social and political conditions. Because the Company’s International operations are in an early phase of development and have country-specific regulatory requirements, they require a more comprehensive field organization, compared to the United States, to provide resources and respond to the business needs in each region. Though international total net revenues increased by $142.4 million, or 30.9%, to International specialty revenues increased $26.1 million, or 28.1%, to $119.1million in fiscal 2003, excluding Canadian operations, operating losses increased by 11.1% to $18.5 million in fiscal 2003, compared to an operating loss of $16.7 million in fiscal 2002. Recommendations Alternative Starbucks can simply choose licensing for all international expansion. This method will reduce possibility that company absorbs operating loss from business partners. By licensing its format, Starbucks gain license fees and royalty from licensee. Another benefit is that license agreement requires relatively low initial investment for company. This will greatly improve company cash flow. However, behind the some benefits, licensing also has disadvantages. Company can not hope tight control over licensee for business strategy or marketing. For company like Starbucks which has aggressive business passion, license agreement doesn’t provide sufficient freedom to develop potential market. Another reason is that company know-how need to be delivered. Starbucks has competitive advantage in valuable management knowledge related to branding and operations of retail coffee stores. The other reason is that licensing opens possibility for potential foreign company’s competitors to learn about company’s know-how. Recommendations Though Starbucks triumphed in North American, the other international segment hasn’t significantly contributed to Starbucks’ income yet. This was partially contributed by International’s proportionate share of net losses in Starbucks Japan reporting an annual net loss of $3.87 million. Japan market is a good example. With 486 stores, it is easy to find Starbucks  logo in Japan, the site of its biggest expansion outside the US. The issue worrying investors is over saturation. Starbucks are vying for too few customers in Japan where also has so many coffee shops. Starbucks should consider about its strategy for international market. In U.S. and Canada market, the strategy to blanket an area completely, even if the stores cannibalize one another’s business, might be applicable. But for each international market, which has unique regional and community acceptance, the strategy shouldn’t be so aggressive. Furthermore, Starbucks should address local taste in every region. For example, in Asia country such in Japan and China, people have more long experience to drink tea rather than coffee. Therefore, demands on coffee beverages in those regions are different from market in North America. Starbucks should also setup a standardized methodology to select markets for entry or further expansion. In addition, Starbucks should investigate further to identify which investment approach is the best in the intended market because the market environment is changing. A certain investment approach maybe is not suitable for a market anymore. By joint venture as an investment approach, Starbucks has tight control over business strategy in a certain country. In other hand, the consequence of joint venture approach is that Starbucks has to absorb proportionately when the joint venture company suffers loss. Update Starbucks enter France One of the traditional of French cafe life – the small, china cup of strong, black coffee – is under assault from a giant of American cultural globalization. France’s first Starbucks coffeehouse opened on January, 2004, giving Parisians a smoke-free – but generally more expensive (An espresso at a counter of a French cafe typically sets you back $1.25, while a shot of coffee costs $2 at Starbucks and a medium caramel frappuccino, for example, goes for $5.62.). Starbucks offers a new cafà © atmosphere which will sweep  away a centuries-old addiction to espresso coffee and croissants in a noisy cafe spiced with the smoke of Gauloise. In the world’s cafe capital, the Seattle-based chain has much the same feel as anywhere else: there are comfortable sofas, and the soundtrack is jazz music and frappuccinos in the blender. However, with an increasing number of young French people living and traveling abroad, the company hopes its concept of bright, friendly coffee bars will find a warm welcome among those who dislike grumpy barmen and cigarette smoke. Starbucks is confident that a younger generation holds the key to financial success, but the figures show that even they haven’t completely abandoned the idea of corner cafes. Only 15 percent of clients to French coffee bars have their coffee to take away. The rest prefer to take a seat and drink it there. Reference Starbucks website. www.starbucks.com Charles W. L. Hill. International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace – 4th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin, 2003 â€Å"Starbucks Corporation: Competing in a Global Market†. UW Business School. April 7, 2003 Starbucks 10-K Report. SEC Fillings. September 28, 2003. â€Å"Planet Starbucks.† Business Week. September 9, 2002. p.102 â€Å"Trouble brewing for Starbucks in Japan†. Bloomberg. June 11 2003. http://www.theage.com.au Ian Messer.†Japan’s coffee shops spill over†. Bloomberg News. May 21, 2003 Caroline Wyatt. â€Å"Starbucks invades Parisian cafe culture†. January 15, 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk.

Emotional Intelligence and Nursing - 2132 Words

â€Å"Emotional Intelligences and Reflective Practice are Integral Components of Building a Therapeutic Relationship in Nursing† Emotional intelligence refers to an ability to recognize the meanings of emotion and its therapeutic relationships, and to reasons for problem-solving in nursing. This is involved in the capacity to recognize emotions, adapt emotion-related to feelings, understand the information of those emotions, and manage it. Reflective practice is a process by which one stops and think about their practice, knowingly analyse ones decision making and clarifying ones thoughts and doubts. As a result, one may modify ones actions, behaviour, treatments and learning needs. Therapeutic relationship, also known as the helping team,†¦show more content†¦Changing the interpretations in one’s mind allows someone to change emotions. Self-awareness is one of the characteristics of Emotional Intelligence and a vital factor in achieving success in nursing. Self-awareness is the first step in creating what clients want and how to dominant critical situations so that nurses can focus on clientà ¢â‚¬â„¢s care, emotions, responses, nature and behaviour. Having self-awareness allows nurses to see where client’s thoughts and emotions leads to. It also allows nurses to see and control emotions, behaviour, and personality so that nurses can changes clients’ thinking. For example if a client knows that he or she is sexually active one should use contraceptive methods to avoid teenage pregnancy and STIs. Effective nursing practice is in need of on an effective therapeutic relationship between the nurse and the client. This instruction addresses the qualities and capacities of an effective therapeutic relationship, the state of knowledge, and the information needed to be effective. To implement a therapeutic relationship effectively, hospitals characteristics must be supportive. 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